Issue 251

Produced by

MT 01

Aflatoxins

Aspergillus

Symptoms include anorexia, lethargy, muscle weakness, liver problems (haemorrhages, necrosis and cancer) and engorged kidneys.

MT 02

Alternariol

Alternaria

A toxic metabolite of the Alternaria fungi. Naturally occurs on fruits, vegetables, and cereals, such as apples, tomatoes, and wheat. Inhibited by light. Highly toxic. May be mutagenic.

MT 03

Altertoxin

Alternaria

MT 04

Brevianamide

Aspergillus sp. (particularly Aspergillus ustus); Penicillium sp.

Causes inflammatory response in lung cells.

MT 05

Chaetoglobosin A,B,C

Chaetomium, Penicillium discolor

Found in water-damaged houses and in air-conditioning systems.

MT 06

Citreoviridin

Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium toxicarium, Penicillium ochrosalmoneum

It is believed to be the cause of the acute cardiac Beri-Beri disease.

MT 07

Citrinin

Aspergillus carneus, Penicillium citrinum, Penicilin expansum, Penicillium verrucosum

Occurs mainly in stored grains, but also in other plant products such as beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herbs and spices, and also in spoiled dairy products; the cause of yellow rice disease in Japan. Has been shown to result in enlarged kidneys and livers in young broiler chicks.

MT 08

Cladosporic Acid

Cladosporium

MT 09

Cyclopiazonic Acid

Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium camemberti, Penicillium commune, Penicillium griseofulvum, Penicillium palitans

MT 10

Cytochalasin

Aspegillus clavatus, Bioploaris, Phoma, Zygosporium

inhibit cellular processes such as cell division

MT 11

Diplodiatoxin

Diplodia

MT 12

Fumonisins

Fusarium moniliforme

Found in wheat and maize. Also to a lesser extent in rice, sorghum and navy beans. Implicated in oesophagal cancers.

MT 13

Gliotoxin

Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Trichoderma, Gliocladium

Possesses immunosuppressive properties. May be implicated in autism.

MT 14

Ochratoxin A

Aspegillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillin nordicum

Found as a contaminant of a wide range of commodities including beer, wine, grains and cereal products, dried vine fruit, coffee, grape juice, processed cereal based foods and baby foods. Most European pork has trace amounts of ochratoxin. May be a human carcinogen (particularly urinary tract cancers) and also kidney disorders.

MT 15

Ochratoxin Mix

Found as a contaminant of a wide range of commodities including beer, wine, grains and cereal products, dried vine fruit, coffee, grape juice, processed cereal based foods and baby foods. May be a human carcinogen.

MT 16

Patulin

Paecilomyces, Penicillin sp., Aspergillus sp.

Associated with a range of mouldy fruits and vegetables, in particular rotting apples (but not cider)and figs.

MT 17

Penicillic Acid

Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium aurantiocandidum, Penicillium brasilanum, Penicilliium melanoconidium, Penicillium polonicum, Penicillium veridicatum

Toxic and carcinogenic.

MT 18

Roridin E

Stachybotrys chartarum

water-damaged houses

MT 19

Rubratoxin

Penicillium crateiforme

produced on cereal grains

MT 20

Satratoxin G & H

Stachybotrys chartarum

Found in water-damaged houses; toxic to humans and animals. Possible symptoms are a rash that becomes a moist dermatitis, nosebleeds, chest pain, pulmonary haemorrhage, hyperthermia (raised temperature), headaches and fatigue.

MT 21

Sporidesmin

Bioploaris, Pithomyces chartarum

Facial eczema in animals

MT 22

Sterigmatocystin

Aspegillus nidulans, Chaetomium, Emericella nidulans, Bioploaris

Found in water-damaged buildings and some food. Found at significant frequency in urine and blood of patients with gastric or liver cancer; Helicobacter pylori facilitates Sterigmatocystin induced gastric cancer. Highly toxic and carcinogenic.

MT 23

Tenuazonic acid

Alternaria, Phoma

Found in grain and grain-based products, vegetables (particularly tomato products), fruits and fruit products, wine, beer, sunflower seeds and sunflower oil. It inhibits the protein synthesis machinery.

MT 24

Trichothecene

Myrothecium, Memnoniella , Phomopsis. Stachybotrys chartarum, Trichotheclum, Cylindrocorpon, Fusarium

Synthesised by around 300 fungal species, infecting the grain of developing cereals such as wheat and maize. Reduces immune response.

MT 25

Viriditoxin

Aspergillus brevipes, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus viridinutans, Paecilomyces

Inhibits cell division.

MT 26

Walleminol

Wallemia

Found on cereals, pulses, dried fruit, cakes, confectionary, conserves. Toxic for some animals.

MT 27

Zearalenone

Fusarium

Commonly found in maize but can be found also in other crops such as wheat, barley, sorghum and rye, particularly during cool, wet growing and harvest seasons. Has been found in bread. A naturally occurring oestrogen that is well recognised as causing hormonal effects in animals.

MT 28

Mixed Mycotoxins

One vial containing all of the above.

LFU 44

Aspergillus Carneus

Produces mycotoxin citrinin.

LFU 45

Aspergillus Clavatus

Commonly isolated from soil, plant debris, and indoor air environment. Produces the mycotoxins cytochalasin and patulin.

LFU 46

Aspergillus Flavus

Commonly isolated from soil, plant debris, and indoor air environment. Produces the mycotoxins aflatoxin B and cyclopiazonic acid. A rare cause of pulmonary disease.

LFU 47

Aspergillus Glaucus

Commonly isolated from soil, plant debris, and indoor air environment.

LFU 48

Aspergillus Nidulans

Commonly isolated from soil, plant debris, and indoor air environment. Produces the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin.

LFU 49

Aspergillus Ochraceus

Common indoors. Produces mycotoxins ochratoxin A and penicillic acid.

LFU 50

Aspergillus Ustus

Found in the soil and also on cardboard, paper, rubber, birds, and in dried fruits, nuts, cheeses, citrus fruits, seeds and grains. Produces mycotoxins ausdiol, austamide, austocystin and brevianamide.

LFU 51

Aspergillus Versicolor

Commonly found on mattresses and carpets and in cellars/basements. Produces mycotoxin sterigmatocystin. Prevalent in over 5% of fungal infections of toenail, particularly involving big toe.

LFU 52

Bipolaris

Linked to allergic and chronic sinusitis, and chest infections. Produces mycotoxins cytochalasin, sterigmatocystin and sporidesmin.

LFU 53

Blastomyces Dermatitidis

Found primarily in the Mid-West and Northern United States and Canada. Causes blastomycosis (lung infection, chest pains, coughs, fever, painless sores). Produces mytoxins cytochalasin, sporidfesmin and sterigmatocystin.

LFU 54

Coccidiodes Immitis

Most commonly seen in the desert regions of the south western United States, and in Central and South America. It can cause a disease called coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever).

LFU 55

Cryptococcus Neoformans

Found in soil throughout the world. Can cause lung infections (cryptococcosis).

LFU 56

Cylindrocarpon

Found in wet indoor environments. Produces mycotoxin trichothecene.

LFU 57

Memnoniella

Found in soil and plant debris but also inside buildings, especially on cellulose-based materials. Often found growing with Stachybotrys, but smaller so enters lungs more easily. Most typical symptoms are throat irritation, eye and nose itchiness and rashes. Produces mycotoxins trichothecenes.

LFU 58

Myrothecium

Often found on materials such as paper, textiles, canvas and cotton. Produces mycotoxin trichothecene.

LFU 59

Penicillium Aurantiogriseum

Commonly found on mattresses and carpets. Produces mycotoxin Penicillic acid.

LFU 60

Penicillium Chrysogenum

Commonly found on mattresses and carpets.

LFU 61

Penicillium Nordicum

Commonly isolated from fermented meat products such as cured ham and dairy products. Produces mycotoxin ochratoxin A.

LFU 62

Penicillium Verrucosum

Found on cereals (e.g. wheat, barley). Produces mycotoxin citrinin and ochratoxin A.

LFU 63

Pithomyces

Often found growing in soil, decaying leaves and grasses. Produces mycotoxin sporidesmin.

LFU 64

Rhizopus

Found on mature fruits and vegetables, jellies, syrups, bread, peanuts, leather and tobacco. Produces mycotoxin rhizonin.

LFU 65

Sporothrix Schenkii

Found throughout the world in soil, plants, and decaying vegetation. Skin lesions characteristically following lymphatic pathways.

LFU 66

Stachybotrys Chartarum /Stachybotrys Atra, Stachybotrys Alternans Or Stilbospora Chartarum

Also known as black mould. Commonly found on wallpapers. Also on paper, cardboard, wallboard, wall framing when persistently wet. Linked to sick building syndrome. Produces mycotoxins roridin E, satratoxin G & H and trichothecene.

LFU 67

Wallemia

Found worldwide, and typically contaminate low-moisture foods, carpets and mattresses. Produces mycotoxin walleminol.

LFU 66

Mixed Vial

Contains all of the above